Singapore is a small country with no natural resources. To promote resilient and sustainable economic development, we have adopted an open economy conducive to foreign investments and international trade since our independence in 1965. This has allowed us to transform from a third world economy into a global business hub over the years, with substantive activities across diverse sectors.
Located at the crossroads between the East and West, Singapore is an attractive location for global businesses to access new and emerging markets in Asia. With our excellent infrastructure, robust and transparent regulatory environment, political stability, skilled workforce, and a stable and efficient tax regime, Singapore has become a trusted hub for many businesses, with manufacturing being one of the largest sectors in our economy. Our Corporate Income Tax system has features that encourage enterprise, growth, and internationalisation.
Start-up Tax Exemption Scheme
Income derived by companies in Singapore is taxed at a flat rate of 17%. The start-up tax exemption scheme encourages entrepreneurship by providing newly incorporated companies some exemption on their taxable profits in their first three years of operation. Please refer to IRAS’ website for more details on the start-up tax exemption scheme and the qualifying conditions.
Partial Tax Exemption Scheme
The Government recognises that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important component of a vibrant economy. To help such companies grow and establish themselves, the Government has put in place a partial tax exemption scheme designed to support SMEs. Please refer to IRAS' website for more details on the partial tax exemption scheme.
Group Relief
As companies grow and expand their operations, they may organise themselves as multiple holding companies, subsidiaries and associate companies to manage liabilities. Under Singapore’s group relief system, current year unutilised losses, donations and unabsorbed capital allowances may be transferred to related companies within the group. This reduces the overall tax burden for the whole group. Please refer to IRAS' website for more details on the group relief system.
Mergers & Acquisitions (“M&A”) Scheme
The M&A scheme aims to facilitate mergers and acquisitions, with a focus on developing a vibrant and dynamic SME sector. Please refer to IRAS' website for further details of the M&A scheme and qualifying criteria.
Double Tax Deduction for Internationalisation Scheme
The Double Tax Deduction for Internationalisation (“DTDi”) scheme provides support to businesses as they venture into international markets. Please refer to IRAS' website for more details on DTDi.
Tax Treatment of Foreign-Sourced Income
In Singapore, taxes are imposed on income derived from or accrued in Singapore, as well as foreign-sourced income received in Singapore. Companies may qualify for foreign tax credit to offset the taxes payable on foreign-sourced income. To allow businesses to claim foreign tax credit in a more administratively efficient manner, the Government has introduced the foreign-sourced income exemption (FSIE) regime.
Conditions to be met
Under the FSIE regime, foreign-sourced dividends, branch profits and service income (collectively "specified foreign-sourced income") derived by any person who is a tax resident in Singapore is exempted from tax if the following conditions are met:
- the specified foreign-sourced income has been subjected to tax in the foreign jurisdiction from which the income is received;
- the headline tax rate of the foreign jurisdiction from which the specified foreign-sourced income is received is at least 15% at the time the foreign income is received in Singapore; and
- the Comptroller of Income Tax is satisfied that the tax exemption would be beneficial to the person resident in Singapore.
What if the conditions are not met?
Where the above general conditions are not met, tax exemption may be granted under section 13(12) of the Income Tax Act, for foreign-sourced income under the scenarios specified in the IRAS e-tax guide on “Income Tax: Tax Exemption under Section 13(12) for Specified Scenarios, Real Estate Investment Trusts and Qualifying Offshore Infrastructure Project/Asset”.
The declaration form to avail of section 13(12) tax exemption under the specified scenarios is in the IRAS e-tax guide.
Otherwise, any exemption may only be granted on a case-by-case basis, upon application. The application form can be found here.
Please refer to IRAS' website for more information on the FSIE regime.
What is Foreign Tax Credit Pooling?
Foreign Tax Credit Pooling was introduced in 2011 to give businesses greater flexibility on their claims for foreign tax credit.
What conditions must be met?
To claim Foreign Tax Credit Pooling, the following conditions must be met:
- income tax is paid on the income in the foreign jurisdiction from which the income is derived;
- the headline tax rate of the foreign jurisdiction from which the income is received is at least 15% at the time the foreign income is received in Singapore; and
- there is Singapore income tax payable on the foreign income and the taxpayer is entitled to claim for foreign tax credit under the Income Tax Act.
Please refer to IRAS' website for more details on the Foreign Tax Credit Pooling system.
Tax Incentives
Singapore uses tax incentives as one of the tools to encourage new and high-growth activities. Tax incentives are legislated and reviewed regularly to ensure they remain relevant.
Tax incentives are administered by Singapore’s economic agencies. The incentives are granted for a limited period to businesses that conduct substantive activities or have substantive business plans to establish or expand their operations in Singapore, for income arising from qualifying activities. Income arising from non-qualifying activities will be taxed at the Corporate Income Tax rate. Read more on tax incentives on IRAS’ website
Incentive recipients are:
- required to significantly contribute to the deepening of activities and/or creation of new capabilities and high-value skilled employment in Singapore; and
- subject to regular reviews of their economic contributions for the qualifying activities.
An incentive recipient needs to meet the committed contributions to continue enjoying its incentive award.
Tax Deduction for Donations
Table 1 below further elaborates on the types of donations that will be granted the 250% tax deduction.
Table 1: Qualifying Donations for 250% Tax Deductions
| Donation Scheme | Eligible Recipient | Eligible Donor |
| Cash donations for local causes | Institutions of Public Character (IPCs) and the Singapore Government | All donors |
| Gift of shares listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX) or of units in unit trusts traded in Singapore | IPCs | Individual donors only |
| Gifts of artefacts | Approved museums by the National Heritage Board (NHB) | All donors |
| Donation of public sculptures | NHB or NHB-approved recipients | All donors |
| Gifts of parcels of land or buildings | IPCs | All donors |
In addition, from 1 Jan 2005, the following donations with naming opportunities will be granted the 250% tax deduction::
Donations to name IPCs, IPC facilities, events or programmes,
Donations to name facilities of approved beneficiaries (including artefacts and public sculptures) under any of the other approved donation programmes,
Donations under any of the approved donation programme where the IPC or approved beneficiary acknowledges the donation by including the donor's name or logo in the IPC's collaterals (e.g. banners, publications, advertisements).
The 250% tax deduction will not be given in cases where the donor is advertising at the IPC facility, event or programme. Donors displaying their banners, products, or other collaterals at the IPC facility, event, or programme to which it
has donated is regarded as advertising or marketing expenses and not a donation.
Other forms of in-kind donations that do not fall under Table 1 or are not eligible naming opportunities as indicated above will not be awarded the 250% tax deduction.
Tax deductions for overseas donations
To encourage greater philanthropic giving among Single Family Offices and the growth of philanthropic capabilities in Singapore, the Minister for Finance introduced the Philanthropy Tax Incentive Scheme for Family Offices (PTIS) at Budget 2023. Qualifying donors approved under the PTIS can claim 100% tax deduction for overseas donations made through qualifying local intermediaries for a period of five years starting from an approved incentive commencement date within the period 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2028. The tax deduction is capped at 40% of the approved qualifying donor’s statutory income. Please refer to MAS' website for more information on the PTIS.To encourage Singaporeans to support those in need overseas, the Minister for Finance announced at Budget 2024 the pilot of the Overseas Humanitarian Assistance Tax Deduction Scheme (OHAS). Under the OHAS, corporate and individual donors can claim 100% tax deduction for qualifying cash donations made towards approved overseas emergency humanitarian assistance causes made through designated charities with a valid Fund-Raising For Foreign Charitable Purposes permit from the Commissioner of Charities during the period 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2028. The tax deduction is capped at 40% of the donor’s statutory income, with the cap shared with the PTIS.